Nasal septal defect

Posted By Wael Nemattalla
Nasal septal defect

35 years old male. cause is probably iatrogenic.

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  • Wael Nemattalla 2013-12-16 12:07:30

    Nasal septal perforation





    Nasal septal perforation may affect either the bony, or cartilaginous septum. Most commonly it affects the anterior septal cartilaginous area although with syphilis it characteristically affects the bony septum.





    Aetiology

    Unfortunately, the majority of nasal septal perforations are iatrogenic in origin and usually occur as a complication of septal surgery, particularly when ta Killian submucous resection technique is used. Although the septoplasty procedure does not give complete immunity against this complication, perforations are rare following this operation.

    Causes of septal perforation can be summarized under the following categories:

    • trauma

    o surgical

    o repeated cautery

    o digital trauma (nose picking)

    • malignant disease

    o malignant tumours

    o malignant granuloma

    • chronic inflammatory conditions

    o Wegener's granulomatosis

    o syphilis

    o tuberculosis

    • poisons

    o industrial

    o cocaine related injury

    o topical corticosteroids

    o topical decongestants

    • idiopathic

    Alternatively a not-very-useful mnemonic can be employed.





    Clinical presentation

    Symptoms include a nasal discharge, nasal congestion (loss of laminar airflow associated with a septal perforation causes symptoms of nasal congestion), nasal whistling sound (heard in persons with small anterior septal perforations), epistaxis and nasal crustation.



    Diagnosis

    The diagnosis of septal perforation is often established based on the results of a routine physical examination, The physical examination, in some select circumstances, may help establish the cause of the septal perforation and often influences the choice of treatment.



    Treatment

    Information on the size and position of the perforation is important when planning treatment. Small perforations are often repaired with different approaches and techniques than larger perforations. Small anterior perforations are more likely to cause whistling. Larger, anterior perforations are more likely to crust and to create nasal congestive symptoms. Posterior perforations are less likely to cause symptoms; therefore, patients with these perforations may only need a focused search for an aetiology and conservative observational treatment.



    Medical

    In general, medical therapy is directed at minimizing symptoms associated with nasal septal perforations, such as epistaxis, crusting, and nasal congestion, and treating causative medical conditions, including lupus and sarcoidosis.

    Obturators

    Nasal silastic buttons are available for insertion. Some patients tolerate the buttons for many years; however, many patients do not. Some companies offer silastic buttons that can be custom fitted to the patient.

    Surgical

    Aims at closing the perforation with different types of flaps and grafts.



    Source:

    http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasal-septal-perforation-2

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